Ideal Gas Law Calculator

The Ideal Gas Law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas. It is a fundamental equation in thermodynamics and chemistry.

Key Concepts:

• Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
• Pressure (P): Force per unit area exerted by gas molecules
• Volume (V): Space occupied by the gas
• Temperature (T): Average kinetic energy of gas molecules
• Moles (n): Amount of gas substance
• Gas Constant (R): Universal constant relating energy to temperature

Key Formulas:

• PV = nRT - Ideal gas law
• n = m/M - Moles from mass and molar mass
• ρ = m/V - Density
• P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ - Combined gas law
• P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ - Boyle's law (constant T)
• V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ - Charles's law (constant P)
• P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ - Gay-Lussac's law (constant V)

Common Gases:

• Air: M = 28.97 g/mol
• Nitrogen (N₂): M = 28.02 g/mol
• Oxygen (O₂): M = 32.00 g/mol
• Hydrogen (H₂): M = 2.02 g/mol
• Helium (He): M = 4.00 g/mol
• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): M = 44.01 g/mol
• Methane (CH₄): M = 16.04 g/mol
• Ammonia (NH₃): M = 17.03 g/mol
• Water Vapor (H₂O): M = 18.02 g/mol

Gas Constants:

• 8.314 J/mol·K - SI units
• 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K - Common chemistry units
• 62.4 L·mmHg/mol·K - Medical applications
• 1.987 cal/mol·K - Thermodynamics

Units:

• Pressure: Pa, atm, bar, psi
• Volume: m³, L, mL
• Temperature: K, °C, °F
• Moles: mol
• Mass: g, kg
• Density: kg/m³, g/L

Applications:

• Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
• Gas storage and transportation
• Atmospheric science and meteorology
• Industrial processes and HVAC
• Medical applications and respiratory therapy