Punnett Square Calculator

Punnett squares are tools used in genetics to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parental crosses. They illustrate Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment.

Key Concepts:

• Monohybrid cross: 1 gene (e.g. Aa x Aa)
• Dihybrid cross: 2 genes (e.g. AaBb x AaBb)
• Genotype ratio: Probability of each genetic combination
• Phenotype ratio: Probability of each observable trait

Applications:

• Predicting inheritance of traits
• Understanding genetic disorders
• Plant and animal breeding