Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field. They are fundamental components in electronic circuits, used for energy storage, filtering, timing, and more.

Key Formulas:

• Q = CV - Charge stored
• E = ½CV² - Energy stored
• Series: 1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... + 1/C_n
• Parallel: C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + ... + C_n

Units:

• Capacitance: Farad (F), microfarad (μF), nanofarad (nF), picofarad (pF)
• Charge: Coulomb (C)
• Voltage: Volt (V)
• Energy: Joule (J)

Applications:

• Energy storage
• Filtering and smoothing
• Timing and oscillators
• Signal coupling and decoupling
• Power factor correction