Calculating the equivalent resistance of resistors in series or parallel is fundamental in circuit analysis. The total resistance depends on how the resistors are connected.

Key Formulas:

• Series: R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + ... + R_n
• Parallel: 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ... + 1/R_n

Applications:

• Voltage dividers
• Current limiting
• Load balancing
• Sensor circuits
• Power distribution

Tips:

• Series: Current is the same through all resistors, voltage divides.
• Parallel: Voltage is the same across all resistors, current divides.
• For mixed circuits, reduce in steps: solve series and parallel groups iteratively.