Newton's three laws of motion form the foundation of classical mechanics, describing the relationship between forces acting on a body and the motion of that body.

Newton's Three Laws:

• First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
• Second Law (F = ma): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
• Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Key Formulas:

• F = ma - Force equals mass times acceleration
• ΣF = ma - Net force equals mass times acceleration
• F_friction = μN - Friction force equals coefficient times normal force
• F_net = F_applied - F_friction - Net force with friction

Important Concepts:

• Force: Push or pull that can change an object's motion (measured in Newtons)
• Mass: Amount of matter in an object (measured in kilograms)
• Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity (measured in m/s²)
• Net Force: Sum of all forces acting on an object
• Friction: Force that opposes motion between surfaces

Units:

• Force: Newtons (N) = kg·m/s²
• Mass: kilograms (kg)
• Acceleration: meters per second squared (m/s²)
• Friction Coefficient: dimensionless (no units)

Applications:

• Vehicle dynamics and braking
• Rocket propulsion
• Sports and athletics
• Engineering design
• Everyday motion analysis