DNA and RNA are nucleic acids essential for life. Their molecular weight and concentration are important for molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology.

Key Formulas:

• Molecular Weight (DNA): dsDNA ≈ (number of bp × 650 Da), ssDNA ≈ (number of nt × 330 Da)
• Molecular Weight (RNA): ssRNA ≈ (number of nt × 340 Da)
• moles = mass / MW
• mass = moles × MW
• concentration = mass / volume

Units:

• Mass: μg, mg, g
• Moles: mol, μmol, nmol
• Concentration: ng/μL, μg/mL, nM, μM

Applications:

• PCR, qPCR, and sequencing
• Cloning and gene expression
• Biotechnology and diagnostics