DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division. It involves the synthesis of a complementary strand, formation of replication forks, and creation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Key Formulas:

• Complementary strand: A↔T, C↔G
• Replication time = length / (forks × fork speed)
• Okazaki fragments = length / fragment size

Applications:

• Genetics and cell biology
• Biotechnology and PCR
• Understanding DNA repair and mutations