Concentration units are used to express the amount of solute in a solution. Convertiing between molarity, percent, ppm, and other units is essential in chemistry and biology labs.

Key Formulas:

• mg/mL = M × molar mass × 1000
• μg/mL = mg/mL × 1000
• % w/v = (g/100 mL) = mg/mL × 0.1
• % w/w = (g/100 g) = (mg/mL × 0.1) / density
• ppm = mg/L
• ppb = μg/L

Applications:

• Solution preparation
• Environmental and clinical analysis
• Pharmaceutical and food chemistry