DNA sequence analysis is essential for genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology. GC content and melting temperature are important for PCR, cloning, and gene expression studies.

Key Formulas:

• GC Content = (G + C) / (A + T + G + C) × 100%
• AT Content = (A + T) / (A + T + G + C) × 100%
• Tm (°C) = 2 × (A + T) + 4 × (G + C) (basic formula)
• Reverse complement: A↔T, C↔G, reverse the sequence

Applications:

• PCR primer design
• Gene and genome analysis
• Mutation and SNP studies